Public School Policies

Public schools are no longer focusing on just reading, writing, and arithmetic. Hoping to improve the social environment on campus, many school leaders are experimenting with innovative positive behavior programs.

Every day, more than 25 million middle and high school students walk through the hallways and classrooms of public schools across the country. According to Iris Educational Media (IEM), break times, lunch times, and moments between classes create the campus climate – and the students’ behavior ultimately impacts whether the environment is safe and respectful or intimidating and negative.

Public school behavior programs encourage students to build healthy relationships, develop positive behavior, and foster a shared responsibility amongst the community. All of these factors contribute to a more productive campus environment, as well as better academic achievement for individual students.

This video explains positive support.

Demanding a Change: Why Schools Need Positive Behavior Strategies

As IEM further reveals, problems with negative student behavior occur at all grade levels and can cause serious negative impacts on each student’s development and confidence. In fact, in specifically examining the pre-teen and high school years, the National Center for Education Statistics has reported that nearly 5 percent of all 12 to 18-year-olds have avoided school-related functions due to feelings of fear and/or apprehension.

While negative behaviors undoubtedly impact a

Although the media may not frequently report sensational stories of public school gang activity, the reality of the statistics is not reassuring. Experts have found that a rising number of schools have been encountering gang-related activity – in areas outside of the stereotypical urban cities. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, during the 2003 – 2004 school year alone, 41% of high schools and 31% of middle schools reported gang activity.

As Phi Delta Kappa, an association of professional educators, explains, “Once the exclusive of poor neighborhoods in our large cities, youth street gangs have lately inspired an almost paralyzing fear in both suburban and rural middle-class communities across the nation.”

To address the growing gang dangers prevalent in school communities, educational leaders have been enforcing new practices to keep campuses and students safer.

Gangs in Public Schools: The Rising Concern

While gangs can realistically arise in any region, many schools throughout the country have reported significantly higher rates of gang activity. For example, as the Seattle Times reveals, one local Washington state high school, Garfield, has been forced to make significant changes in order to combat pressing gang problems in recent semesters. According to reports, “As Seattle struggles with heightened violence attributed to street gangs, the city's schools are increasingly shaping policies to keep the problem from spreading onto campuses.”

Garfield High School has implemented comprehensive changes in an effort to reduce gang activity, including:

• The school purposefully avoided scheduling any

Budget cuts have forced public schools to reduce their curriculum offerings, increase class sizes, and cut back on teacher positions. However, to fill the fiscal gap, many schools are taking even more drastic measures to reduce their operating costs.

The costs of new textbooks, classroom materials, and even handouts can result in massive school expenses. Subsequently, many public schools are now requiring students to purchase their own materials and books! As a result, many families may be forced to increase their education spending to meet their child’s classroom needs.

This video offers an overview of public K-12 education in the United States.

Cutting Jobs, Classes...and Textbooks?

When schools are faced with budget costs, most districts begin by eliminating faculty positions; however, reducing the number of teachers and administrators can only go so far on the bottom line. If school leaders reduce their faculty numbers, but still have not met their budgetary restrictions, then leaders are forced to develop new, and often controversial, alternatives.

For example, according to ABC News, schools across the state of California are hoping to reduce their spending by using older textbooks for longer periods of time. While California schools have already eliminated various educational programs, along with teaching and faculty positions, these cuts are simply not enough – and new textbooks are literally getting the ax.

In fact, school leaders report that the state of California will not be

In addition to monetary donations, Bill Gates has consistently articulated his belief that improving the quality of teachers is one of the most effective ways to enhance student learning.

As The Bellingham Herald noted, researchers have long struggled to define and measure what makes a teacher truly effective. While most parents recognize the impact of a strong teacher, translating that impact into measurable data has proven difficult.

To address this challenge, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation committed billions of dollars to research aimed at identifying the key traits of successful educators. One major initiative, the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project, explored multiple evaluation methods, including classroom observations, student feedback, and academic growth metrics. A research overview of teacher effectiveness can be found at https://www.rand.org/education-employment-infrastructure/projects/measuring-teacher-effectiveness.html.

Ideas proposed and tested through these initiatives included:

• Recording and analyzing classroom instruction through video
• Using student surveys to evaluate teaching effectiveness
• Incorporating multiple measures beyond standardized test scores
• Providing targeted professional development based on feedback

These strategies have influenced how many districts approach teacher evaluation today, even as policies have evolved.

In 2026, the conversation has shifted slightly. While accountability remains important, there is increased emphasis on supporting teachers rather than strictly evaluating them. Districts are investing more in coaching, mentorship programs, and ongoing professional learning, recognizing that teacher retention is now as critical as teacher performance. For national data and trends, visit https://nces.ed.gov.

Evolving Strategies in a Changing Education Landscape

Education reform efforts backed by the

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act mandated that all public schools evaluate their teachers based upon stricter qualifications. However, not all schools have revamped their employee rosters and hiring checklists, leading parents to wonder, "are my child's teachers still qualified?"

According to the US Department of Education in 2005, all public school teachers must be considered "Highly Qualified" in order to teach. To be labeled as a "highly qualified teacher," instructors must hold a bachelor's degree, full state certification, and proof of subject-area competency.

While the standards of a "highly qualified teacher" are generally reasonable, many schools in the United States expressed challenges in achieving these goals. Specifically, schools in rural areas found it nearly impossible to hire new, "more qualified" teachers than the limited number currently employed. As a result, the mandates of NCLB were revised to allow for more flexibility.

To find out if your local public school teachers meet all of the NCLB qualifications, consider the following standards outlined by the legislation.

NCLB "Highly Qualified" Requirements

The requirements for achieving the "highly qualified" teaching status depends upon one's subject area and additional state-based guidelines. Generally, all elementary teachers are required to meet the following criteria:

• More than 180 days of teaching experience
• Pass state-mandated subject tests
• Certified for all elementary education (as opposed to specific subject areas)

Middle school and high school teachers are required to meet the following criteria:

• More than 180 days of teaching experience
• Passing score on state subject-area tests